SOURCE-BASED EDITORIAL GUIDE · SPECIALIST REVIEW PENDING

What the evidence says

The 2023 hallmarks review organizes aging biology into twelve interconnected hallmarks. It is a framework for research across mechanisms, models and potential interventions.

Our graph links topics to sources and to related questions. A connection indicates a documented relationship or shared source, never a claim that one intervention solves aging.

THE TAKEAWAY

Use the framework to ask better research questions.

Where the evidence stops

A biological rationale does not establish clinical effectiveness.

Read the original sources

Source pages checked on 23 October 2026. This is not the publication date of each study. Original sources may be in English.

López-Otín et al. · Cell, 2023pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov · Sources checked: 2026-10-23

Questions worth taking further

  • Was the outcome measured in humans, animals or cells?
  • Does the study population match the people in the claim?
  • What benefits, harms and uncertainties remain unmeasured?